Module 8: From the Universe to the Atom

The From The Universe to the Atom module combines ideas from the old Optional Module: Astrophysics and Quantum to Quarks. The aim of this new module is to allow HSC Physics students to recognise and appreciate the wide scope of physics.

Throughout learning this module it is important to realise the vast scale on which physics is founded upon - from the size of The Universe to minute fundamental particles.

Origins of The Elements

Inquiry question: What evidence is there for the origins of the elements? 

• The Big Bang Theory and Expansion of The Universe

• Spectra of Stars

• Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

• Energy Sources of Stars

Structure of the Atom

Inquiry question: How is it known that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons? 

• Cathode Ray Experiments

• Thomson's Discovery of The Electron

• Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment

• Geiger-Marsden's Gold Foil Experiment & Rutherford's Atomic Model

• Chadwick's Discovery of the Neutron

Quantum Mechanical Nature of the Atom

Inquiry question: How is it known that classical physics cannot explain the properties of the atom? 

• Bohr's Atomic Model, Hydrogen Spectrum, Rydberg's Equation

• de Broglie's Matter Waves

• Schrödinger's Contribution to the Model of the Atom

• Summary of Atomic Models in HSC Physics

Properties of the Nucleus

Inquiry question: How can the energy of the atomic nucleus be harnessed? 

• Introduction to Nuclear Physics

• Radioactive Decay (Theory)

• Radioactive Decay (Calculation)

• Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Reactors

• Mass Defect and Binding Energy

Deep Inside the Atom

Inquiry question: How is it known that human understanding of matter is still incomplete? 

• The Standard Model of Matter: Quarks and Leptons

• The Standard Model of Matter: Bosons

• Advantages and Limitations of the Standard Model of Matter

• Particle Accelerators